« La première responsabilité de la sécurité des journalistes revient au gouvernement congolais.», Madame Rosalie Zawadi, Présidente de l’Union Nationale de la presse du Congo, UNPC au Nord-Kivu l’a dit au cours de la table ronde qui a réuni les journalistes , les services de sécurité et de l’ordre ce mercredi 6 juillet 2022 dans la salle de l’UNPC en Ville de Goma. Cette activité s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet « Renforcement de la sécurité et la protection juridique des journalistes au Nord-Kivu en RD Congo » financé par l’UNESCO-Paris, Global Media Defense Funds.
Organisée par le Réseau des Médias pour le Développement REMED, cette table ronde avait pour objectif d’établir un canal de communication entre les journalistes, différentes organisations telles JED, ASADEM, REMED et les autorités politico sécuritaires en Province pour la protection des professionnels des médias dans l’exercice de leur métier en contexte de guerre et d’Etat de siège.
Après de houleuses discussions entre les parties prenantes, il se révèle que beaucoup reste à faire. Dans son intervention, le Lieutenant-colonel NDJIKE KAIKO Guillaume, Porte-Parole des FARDC Opération Sokola II du Nord–Kivu appelle les journalistes à rester patriotes et nationalistes en allant jusqu’à dépasser les lignes éditoriales de leurs médias pour participer à la guerre contre le M23 « Nous vous avons apporté des preuve de la présence de l’armée rwandaise au côté du mouvement terroriste M23 mais vous hésitez encore. Avant tout vous êtes tous congolais. Le pays est agressé, soyez journalistes patriotes. Dépassez vos lignes éditoriales pour l’amour du patri. » a martelé le porte-parole des FARDC.
Des scenarios s’en sont suivi pour identifier les situations de self protection dans la collecte, le traitement et la diffusion de l’information en situation d’insécurité.
Le responsable de l’éthique à l’UNPC Nord-Kivu appelle les journalistes à cesser avec la prise de position. Pour Valery Mukosasenge il n’ y a pas de journalistes nationalistes ni patriotes. Soit on est journaliste soit on est politicien ou milicien. Il en a profité aussi pour appeler l’armé à communiquer à temps réel pour éviter le vide d’information alors que les ennemis communiquent plus.
Renforçant le message, Madame Rosalie Zawadi est revenue sur les points suivants après une peinture sombre de la situation des journalistes tués, menacés tant au niveau mondial qu’’en République Démocratique du Congo au cors de ces deux décennies:
- Le devoir de protéger les journalistes, au même titre que n’importe quel citoyen, incombe au premier chef à l’État. Chaque Gouvernement d’un pays doit veiller à ce que les lois, l’administration et la justice des pays protègent et promeuvent la liberté d’expression et sauvegardent la vie et les droits professionnels des journalistes.
- L’État est également responsable des atteintes portées à la sécurité des journalistes par des acteurs non étatiques lorsqu’ils se trouvent sous la direction ou le contrôle de l’État, et celui-ci peut être tenu pour responsable s’il néglige d’honorer ses obligations vis-à-vis des droits de l’homme lorsque ces droits sont menacés par des acteurs non étatiques, tels que les criminels ou les terroristes.
- Les États peuvent être considérés comme ayant des responsabilités particulières, consistant, par exemple, à garantir que les journalistes opérant dans les zones de conflit soient traités comme des civils, et non comme des combattants, et protégés à ce titre.
- L’État est également tenu d’enquêter efficacement sur les menaces et les violences exercées à l’encontre des journalistes en se fondant sur l’État de droit, et de lutter de manière proactive contre l’impunité.
- Les journalistes eux-mêmes ont l’obligation de ne pas faire preuve de légèreté, ni de mettre en danger leur propre personne ou la personne d’autrui (et, s’agissant des journalistes internationaux, l’obligation d’être conscients des dangers auxquels ils pourraient exposer les personnels locaux qui les accompagnent dans leurs missions). Leurs syndicats et organisations professionnelles ont aussi le devoir de veiller à ce que leurs membres soient préparés à affronter les dangers inhérents à leur profession.
Au nom de l’Association d’Avocats pour la Défense des Médias ASADEM, les Maîtres Alimasi et Patience KABUNANGWA ont demandé aux journalistes de respecter toujours les lois de la République pour leur permettre de bien les assister. Ils promettent d’initier une action judiciaire par rapport à la radio de Bunagana vandalisée et dont trois journalistes sont en déplacement forcé à Goma.
Selon le chef de de projet au niveau du REMED, les mêmes activités de tables rondes vont se poursuivre à Rutshuru, Lubero, Butembo et Beni.
JKB.
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