Une commission provinciale mixte de démarcation a été mise en place à Goma à l’issue des travaux de restitution de l’analyse technique et
cartographique de la limite du Parc National des Virunga en Groupement Binza, territoire de Rutshuru.
Se référant aux coordonnées géographiques, les animateurs de la commission qui seront désignés incessamment vont effectuer une
descente sur le terrain lors de la démarcation participative de la limite légale du PNVi dans cette partie de la chefferie de Bwisha. Au
total, 18 pancartes et bornes seront fixées sur une distance d’environ 15 km entre la rivière Ivi et la rivière mayi ya Nkwenda.
Ces activités de démarcation viennent appuyer les efforts fournis par les gestionnaires du parc en collaboration avec les communautés
riveraines sur les malentendus au sujet de la limite légale du parc avec la chefferie. Une autre piste de solution face à la déprédation
des cultures des riverains par les animaux sauvages et de toute sorte d’accident possible. La limite démarquée sera renforcée par la
construction de la clôture électrique qui a prouvé son efficacité du point de vue sécuritaire.
La limite légale du PNVi en groupement de Binza est pour la plupart de cas constitué des repères naturels dont la majorité est encore visible sur le terrain. Ce qui rend son identification plus facile suite à l’apport de la nouvelle technologie informatique et dont les points GPS ont été pris sur le terrain (ravin de la rivière, marais, rivières…), excepté le repère ayant fait référence à la piste
Rutshuru-Kalimbo-Kabare, repère qui a disparu avec le temps, mais qui a été retrouvée approximativement grâce à la méthode de télédétection et de SIG (Géo référencement) des archives cartographiques, en confrontation avec les points GPS collectées sur le terrain ainsi que l’utilisation des images satellitaires. Le seuil de tolérance de l’erreur de positionnement de la piste retrouvée est estimé à ±10 m. Les résultats des analyses faites montrent qu’il existe une grande différence entre la limite supposée par la population et la limite légale définie dans le texte de loi et dont le repère est clairement positionné sur toutes les archives cartographiques. L’argumentaire de la population est basé sur la confusion quant à la piste ayant été utilisée comme point de repère dans le texte de loi. La population fait référence à une piste qui se dirigeait vers le village de Busagiri et Kiguri. Elle utilise à tort cette piste comme référence de la limite en lieu et place de la piste principale Rutshuru-Kalimbo-Kabare.
La démarcation Participative des limites en tant que processus consistant à identifier la limite légale, suivie de l’abornement physique sur base de textes légaux ne suit que la limite conforme à la
loi. C’est la seule limite qui doit être respectée par toutes les parties (ICCN et communauté riveraine). Elle est aussi confirmée par toutes les archives cartographiques de la zone.
Etat actuel de la situation
La problématique de l’envahissement des limites du PNVi en groupement de Binza a attiré l’attention des gestionnaires du Parc depuis plusieurs années. Cela se justifie par les actions entreprises dans cette zone depuis les années 1989 dans le cadre de la gestion du Domaine de Chasse de Rutshuru qui constituait une sorte de zone tampon pour l’atténuation de la pression humaine sur les terres du PNVi. Les actions de la restauration de l’intégrité du PNVi et de la démarcation participative des limites du Parc entamées depuis 2015 ont permis d’atteindre les résultats suivants :
1.Espace du Parc récupéré à la suite de la démarcation de 2015 et la construction de la clôture électrique entre 2019-2020 : *83 624 ha,*
2.Espace du Parc récupéré à la suite de la démarcation de 2015 et la construction de la clôture électrique de 2021 : 1 044.3 ha,
3.Espace du Parc envahi qui sera récupéré après la démarcation de 2022 : 1770.7 ha.
Les efforts entrepris dans cette zone dans le cadre de la clarification et la matérialisation des limites se résument comme suit :
Parmi les actions menées en groupement de Binza dans le cadre de la démarcation des limites du Parc, nous pouvons citer à titre d’exemple :
– En 1989 : mise en place d’une ceinture verte d’arbres sur la limite du Parc de Katwiguru à Kahunga par Kacheche à travers un projet financé par la CEE,
– Entre 2005-2006 :* renforcement de la ceinture verte d’arbres par les pancartes de signalisation sur l’axe Katwiguru – Ngwenda,
– En 2016 :mission de sensibilisation des communautés locales sur le texte de loi délimitant le PNVi à Kiseguro-Katwiguru, Kisharo, Nyamilima et Ishasha par la commission mixte de démarcation mise en place par la Chefferie de Bwisha avec l’appui de l’ICCN et du WWF,
– En Avril et mai 2016 : documentation mixte de la limite avec les communautés locales sur l’axe Ngwenda-Ishasha,
– En Mai 2016 :* survol aérien de reconnaissance des limites du PNVi avec les coutumiers, Société civile, le WWF et l’ICCN,
– En Avril-Mai 2016 : ateliers de validation du Rapport Technique d’analyse des limites du PNVi en groupement de Binza au niveau provincial (Goma), territorial (Rutshuru) et Local (Nyalilima)
– En Juin-Septembre 2016 : démarcation participative, axe (Ishasha-Kakoma-Tshabaganda) et (Mayi ya ivi vers Nyamborogota)
– En Février 2020 : démarcation et construction de la clôture sur la limite en zones de : Nyamborogota, Tshabaganda, Kakoma sur demande des
communautés locales,
– En 2021 : poursuite de la construction de la clôture électrique
dans la zone située entre Nyamitwitwi et mayi ya Ivi.
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